Editor’s note: The Basics department this month is an excerpt from the ISA book Flow of Industrial Fluids – Theory and Equations by Raymond Mulley. Some material in this section may seem self-evident ...

Blood may be thicker than water, but in a narrow enough tube, both liquids flow like treacle. This sluggish behaviour arises because, as you reduce the size of the channel, friction between the liquid ...

Researchers report that the flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain is linked to waking brain activity. The study demonstrates that manipulating blood flow in the brain with visual stimulation ...

Tests of a proposed friction-factor equation have shown it to be accurate for calculating pressure loss in turbulent flow for a pipeline transporting a non-Newtonian fluid, such as most crude oils and ...

Pipe-flow turbulence is a problem in the transport of oil, water and other fluids, and once established, it is persistent and costly. Turbulent fluids consume greater pumping energy and can cause ...

Scientific progress is not usually straightforward. Researchers pursue and abandon lines of inquiry. Results languish. Theories take decades to cohere. But sometimes the accumulation of scientific ...

Microfluidics is an interdisciplinary field that combines principles from physics, chemistry, and engineering to create devices that can process and analyze minuscule volumes of liquids. Often, ...

Controlling the flow Vortex-induced heat backflow (top) in a simulated 2D graphite strip, compared with conventional heat flow (bottom). (Courtesy: 2026 THEOS EPFL CC BY SA) We are all familiar with ...