Rebooting the gut microbiome with bacteria from youth may help stop aging-related liver damage and even prevent liver cancer, ...

Plankton are a collection of tiny organisms that live at and beneath the surface of lakes, rivers, ponds, and oceans across the planet. They’re named for the Greek word planktos, meaning to drift or ...

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative, spiral-shaped, flagellated bacterium, that colonizes the gastric mucosa. Although the gastric mucosa is protected against bacterial infections, H. pylori adapts ...

Bacterial pathogenesis is the process by which bacteria infect and cause disease in a host. Not all bacteria are pathogens and have the ability for pathogenesis (also known as virulence). Infection ...

Gear-obsessed editors choose every product we review. We may earn commission if you buy from a link. Why Trust Us? Here’s what you’ll learn when you read this story: All life on Earth can be traced ...

Birds do it, and bees do it. Indeed, researchers estimate that over 99.9% of eukaryotes reproduce sexually. What, then, are the true costs and benefits of sex? Yet again, this simple example ...

Biochemical and physiological mechanisms of adaptation of organisms to the marine environment. Special emphasis is on biological responses to temperature, salinity, carbon dioxide, pH and bicarbonate ...